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Labidura riparia
''Labidura riparia'' is a species of earwig in the family Labiduridae, formerly ''Forficula riparia'' , characterized by their modified cerci as forceps, and light tan colour.〔Tawfik, M., Abul-Nar, S., and El-hussein, M. 1973. The biology of ''Labidura riparia'' Pallas. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Egypt 76, 75-92.〕 They are more commonly known as the striped earwig, due to two dark longitudinal stripes down the length of the pronotum.〔〔 They are often referred to as ''Labidura japonica'', although said species is a subspecies found only in Japan.〔Kimimura, Y. 2014 Pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection and the evolution of sexually dimorphic traits in earwigs. Entomological Science, 17, 139-166.〕 ''L. riparia'' are a cosmopolitan species primarily in tropical to subtropical regions.〔 Body size varies greatly, ranging from 16 mm to 30 mm, with 10 abdominal segments.〔〔 Males and females differ in forcep size, with males having much larger and stronger curve, while females have smaller, straighter forceps with a slight curve at the end.〔 Earwigs use these forceps to assist in predation, defense, sexual selection, courting and mating, and wing folding.〔〔Jarvis, K., Hass, F., and Whiting, M. 2005. Phylogeny of earwigs based on molecular and morphological evidence. Systematic Entomology, 30, 442-453.〕
''L. riparia'' are a subsocial earwig with complex maternal habits.〔〔Radl, R., and Linsenmair, K. 1991. Maternal behavior and nest recognition in the subsocial earwig ''Labidura riparia'' Pallas. Ethology, 89, 287-296.〕 They are voracious predators, and highly regarded an efficient for of pest control in many situations.〔 Repugnitory glands in the earwigs cause them to secrete a foul smelling pheromone to deter predators, which is said to smell like decomposition.〔
Males of this species have two penises in which they can use interchangeably.〔Kamimura, Y. 2006. Right-handed penises of the earwig ''Labidura riparia''. Journal of Morphology, 267, 1381-1389.〕 Individuals have a preference on which they dominantly use though.〔 Just like humans’ limb dexterity, ''L. riparia'' have a 90% prevalence of “right-handed” penises.〔 This unequal proportion is unique to this species compared to all other earwigs, and may have a relationship with the spermatheca location on females.〔
==Ecology==
The striped earwig prefers dark, moist environments with shelter that it can hide during the daytime.〔 They can be found in a variety of niches though, from cultured and uncultured farmlands, woodlands, and the margins of ponds and lakes.〔〔Earl, H., and Tryon, J. 1986. The striped earwig, and ant predators of sugarcane rootstock borer, in Florida citrus. The Florida Entomologist, 69, 336-343.〕 To save energy, the earwigs will occupy abandoned mole cricket burrows for brooding nests.〔 Individuals are known to fly after a disturbance in search of a new nest as theirs may have become waterlogged or destroyed.〔 Flight towards light has been observed due to their methods of orientation via the moon.〔〔Ugolini, A., and Chiussi. R. 1995. Astronomical orientation and learning in the earwig ''Labidura riparia''. Behavioural Processes, 36, 151-161.〕
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